基于FBM- FAST的无障碍公共交通工具创新设计方法
摘 要：针对残障人士因无障碍设施缺失和公交设计缺陷所面临的出行障碍问题，文章提出构建FBM-FAST创新设计方法，旨在更好地满足残障人士的出行需求。首先，基于FBM行为模型解析残障人士的乘车行为特征；其次，结合用户旅程图进行聚类分析，识别关键行为要素与用户需求；最后，运用功能系统分析技术（FAST）将需求转化为功能模块，构建形态方案矩阵，从而形成系统化的设计策略。该方法突破了传统功能补偿型设计范式的局限，提出了具有高度包容性的无障碍公交设计方案，对提升公共交通出行的包容性具有重要意义。
关键词：工业设计；无障碍设计；FBM行为模型；功能分析系统技术；公共交通工具；用户旅程图
中图分类号：TB472 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7053(2025)10-0147-04
Abstract：Addressing the travel barriers faced by individuals with disabilities due to the lack of barrier-free facilities and design flaws in public transportation, this article proposes the construction of an FBM-FAST innovative design methodology, aimed at better meeting the travel needs of individuals with disabilities. Firstly, based on the FBM (Function-Behavior-Measure) behavior model, the travel behavior characteristics of individuals with disabilities are analyzed. Secondly, cluster analysis is conducted in conjunction with user journey maps to identify key behavioral elements and user needs. Finally, the Functional System Analysis Technique (FAST) is employed to transform needs into functional modules and construct a morphological scheme matrix, thereby forming a systematic design strategy. This methodology breaks through the limitations of the traditional functional compensation design paradigm and proposes a highly inclusive barrier-free public transportation design scheme, which is of great significance for enhancing the inclusivity of public transportation travel.
Key Words：Industrial Design; Accessible Design; FBM Behavioral Model; Functional Analysis System Technique; Public Transportation Vehicles; Customer Journey Map
