面向多体位体压适应的智能点阵护理床设计
摘 要：针对居家养老场景中老年人长期卧床时易出现的体压集中与体位切换困难的问题，为提升老年人的体压适应性及自主体位调节能力，研究依据我国老年人人体尺寸统计数据，构建了50百分位的老年人人体数字模型，并设置仰卧与侧卧两种典型体位，建立“人体—床垫”静态接触有限元模型，利用ANSYS 2023 R1对比分析不同支撑形态下的接触压力分布特征，通过体压区域化处理识别关键承压区域的压力规律。结果表明，贴合人体曲线的床垫在仰卧与侧卧体位下，均能显著降低关键区域的等效应力峰值，使界面压力整体低于压力性损伤风险阈值，压力分布更趋于均匀，据此形成点阵护理床分区布局与参数配置的设计依据。仿真实验验证了曲面支撑形态在减压与风险控制方面的有效性，以期为居家养老场景下老年人自主体位调节护理床的智能减压结构设计提供可推广的技术思路。
关键词：工业设计；家用护理床；ANSYS虚拟仿真；体压分布；压疮预防
中图分类号：TB472 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7053(2026)09-0094-05
Abstract：To address the issues of pressure concentration and difficulty in posture transition commonly experienced by elderly individuals during prolonged bed rest in home care settings, this study aims to enhance their pressure adaptability and self-regulation ability. Based on anthropometric data of Chinese older adults, a 50th percentile digital human model was constructed, with two typical postures—supine and lateral—defined. A static finite element contact model of the "human body–mattress" was established, and ANSYS 2023 R1 was used to analyze the contact pressure distribution under different support configurations. Regionalized pressure analysis was applied to identify pressure patterns in key load-bearing areas. Results show that mattresses conforming to the human body's curvature significantly reduce peak equivalent stress in critical regions under both supine and lateral positions, keeping interface pressure generally below the threshold for pressure injury risk and achieving more uniform pressure distribution. These findings provide design guidelines for zonal layout and parameter configuration of smart point-array nursing beds. Simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of curved surface support structures in pressure relief and risk control, offering scalable technical insights for intelligent pressure-reducing designs of self-adjustable nursing beds in home eldercare environments.
Key Words：Industrial Design; Home Nursing Bed; ANSYS Virtual Simulation; Volume Pressure Distribution; Pressure Ulcer Prevention
