基于社会支持理论的养老院社交辅助机器人设计
摘 要：针对机构养老情境中老年人社会支持获取受限，以及现有社交辅助机器人难以适应多空间、多主体互动的问题，文章引入社会支持理论开展研究。研究结合访谈与情境观察，从空间层级视角出发，分析私密空间、半私密/半公共空间与公共空间中的社会支持需求，并将其归纳为情感支持、信息支持、评价支持、工具支持与认知支持五个维度。结果表明，不同空间层级下支持需求侧重存在差异，机器人角色定位与设计要点也需加以区分。基于上述发现，文章提出“空间层级—社会支持维度”的设计取向，并通过设计实践验证其在养老院场景中的适用性，以期为机构养老情境下社交辅助机器人的系统化设计提供参考。
关键词：工业设计；社会支持；养老院；社交辅助机器人；空间层级
中图分类号：TB472 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7053(2026)08-0020-05
Abstract：Addressing the limited access to social support for the elderly in institutional elderly care settings and the difficulty of existing social assistive robots in adapting to multi-space and multi-agent interactions, this article introduces social support theory for research. Combining interviews and situational observations, the study analyzes social support needs in private spaces, semi-private/semi-public spaces, and public spaces from a spatial hierarchy perspective, and categorizes them into five dimensions: emotional support, information support, evaluative support, instrumental support, and cognitive support. The results indicate that there are differences in the focus of support needs across different spatial hierarchies, and the role positioning and design points of robots also need to be differentiated. Based on these findings, the article proposes a "spatial hierarchy-social support dimension" design approach and verifies its applicability in elderly care home settings through design practice, aiming to provide a reference for the systematic design of social assistive robots in institutional elderly care settings.
Key Words：Industrial Design; Social Support; Nursing Homes; Socially Assistive Robots; Spatial Hierarchy
